发达国家汽车企业社会责任研究
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第五节 创新之处与不足

企业社会责任是理论界和实践界的一大热点,而汽车产业作为国民经济的基础,又具有特殊的重要性。本研究以企业社会责任理论、利益相关者理论、资源基础理论以及可持续发展理论为理论工具,系统地分析了发达国家汽车企业承担社会责任的原因、方式以及表现,并提出了中国汽车企业承担社会责任的机制及模式。本研究预期在以下三个方面有所创新。

1.对企业社会责任理论的理解进一步深入

本研究将从“可持续发展”视角把握企业社会责任,将企业社会责任理论、利益相关者理论、资源基础理论进行整合。企业社会责任是当前理论研究的热点,从不同的理论视角出发进行研究,会有不同的认识。本研究以实现产业的可持续发展为目的,从企业获取竞争优势的角度出发,与社会伦理对企业可持续发展的期待相结合,提出汽车企业通过承担相应的社会责任可以实现良好的社会责任表现与经营业绩的统一。在可持续发展理念被广为接受的情况下,这将为理解企业社会责任提供新的视角,并为企业开展社会责任实践活动提供新的理论支撑。

2.对发达国家汽车企业社会责任进行系统分析、评价

目前,关于企业社会责任的研究,一般仅仅以国家为单位进行研究,很少选择具体的产业为研究对象。为了使研究更有针对性,更能解决实际问题,为我国汽车产业可持续发展提供参考和借鉴,本研究系统分析了发达国家汽车企业承担社会责任的动因、基础,并对发达国家汽车企业社会责任实施模式进行了系统研究,将分析深入企业的具体实践中,提高了研究的实用价值。此外,本研究以GRI报告框架为依据,对发达国家汽车企业可持续发展报告等进行内容分析,并在此基础上对其社会责任表现进行评价,是有关汽车企业社会责任评价方法的一次新的尝试。

3.对汽车产业企业社会责任与企业业绩之间的关系进行实证研究

虽然关于企业社会责任表现与企业业绩方面的研究成果非常丰硕,但是学者对研究对象的选取通常并未集中在单一产业上,汽车企业社会责任表现与企业业绩的关系方面的研究还相对匮乏。在理论分析的基础上,本研究将对发达国家汽车企业社会责任表现以内容分析法为基础进行操作,运用统计分析方法对企业社会责任表现对企业市场表现以及经济效益的影响进行实证分析,在为此方面的研究增添新的研究成果的同时,证明企业履行社会责任可以促进企业业绩提升。

虽然本研究预计会在上述几个方面取得创新,并得出一些有参考价值的研究结论和建议,但鉴于笔者研究水平和客观条件,研究中仍存在一些不足和局限,主要包括以下几点。

首先,对发达国家汽车企业社会责任战略性转变影响因素的识别可能不够全面。以企业社会责任理论、利益相关者理论、资源基础理论为基础,本研究对发达国家汽车企业承担社会责任的驱动因素及实施基础进行了研究。但是对驱动因素的识别只是在回顾相关理论的基础上结合对发达国家汽车企业的日常实践分析得出,受客观条件限制,没有开展管理者访谈或者问卷调查,对驱动因素的识别可能并不全面,也未能对不同的驱动因素的重要性进行分析。

其次,对发达国家汽车企业社会责任表现评价的研究受到客观条件的限制。在社会责任表现测量方面,本研究以GRI报告框架为基础,使用内容分析法对发达国家汽车企业披露的可持续发展报告等进行分析,从实施维度、进展情况等方面开展评估,并结合政府、行业协会以及企业发布的公开信息,力争在现有的研究能力和条件基础上,做到客观、公正地进行评估,为后续实证研究提供支持。在应用内容分析法时,难以对各个指标权重做出区分,如果能够进行问卷调查确定相关指标权重,则研究的信度和效度可以得到进一步提高。

最后,在对企业社会责任表现与企业绩效进行实证研究时,变量的操作化受到局限。为了了解发达国家汽车企业社会责任表现与企业绩效的关系,本研究进行了回归分析。企业社会责任表现的数据来源于第五章分析的结果,企业业绩主要从财务指标和销售指标入手,没有关于环境、社会与公司治理(ESG)等方面数据库的支持。一方面,样本数目有限,且没有形成连续的截面数据;另一方面,应用内容分析法进行的企业社会责任表现评价有一定的局限性。未来如果条件具备,还可以在这方面开展更为深入的研究。


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