18.江南春
千里莺啼绿映红,水村山郭酒旗风。
南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中。
中文解读
这首《江南春》,千百年来素负盛誉。四句诗,既写出了江南春景的丰富多彩,也写出了它的广阔、深邃和迷离。
“千里莺啼绿映红,水村山郭酒旗风。”诗一开头,就像迅速移动的电影镜头,掠过南国大地:辽阔的千里江南,黄莺在欢乐地歌唱,丛丛绿树映着簇簇红花;傍水的村庄、依山的城郭、迎风招展的酒旗,一一在望。
“南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中。”金碧辉煌、屋宇重重的佛寺,本来就给人一种深邃的感觉,现在诗人又特意让它出没掩映于迷蒙的烟雨之中,这就更增加了一种朦胧迷离的色彩。这样的画面和色调,与“千里莺啼绿映红,水村山郭酒旗风”的明朗绚丽相映,就使得这幅“江南春”的图画变得更加丰富多彩。诗人在缩千里于尺幅的同时,着重表现江南春天掩映相衬、丰富多彩的美丽景色。
白话译文
江南大地鸟啼声声绿草红花相映,水边村寨山麓城郭处处酒旗飘动。
南朝遗留下的四百八十多座古寺,无数的楼台全笼罩在风烟云雨中。
英译一
Spring Comes to Jiangnan
Translated by Gong Jinghao
Red against green, and a huge troupe of warblers singing;
Hillside, riverside hamlets, with blue flags fluttering. . .
The Southern Dynasties had four hundred eighty Buddhist temples;
How many towers and terraces are wrapped in misty drizzles?
(warbler n.鸟鸣 hamlet n.小村庄 flutter v.飘动 terrace n.房屋)
英译二
Spring on the Southern Shore
Translated by Xu Yuanchong
Orioles sing for miles mid red blooms and green trees,
On lakeside and hillside wine shop flags wave in the breeze.
Four hundred eighty splendid temples still remain,
Of Southern Dynasties in the mist and the rain.
英译欣赏
The scenery was so beautiful and charming, but what the poet saw was more than the scenery itself, which made him think a lot and sigh with emotion.
英译一是龚景浩(美籍华人,翻译家)的翻译,译文意义清楚直白,不失优美。
Red against green, and a huge troupe of warblers singing。这里red against green(红对着绿),比较好地译出了“绿映红”,“千里”则没有直译。
Hillside, riverside hamlets, with blue flags fluttering. . .这句忠实原诗,将“水村、山郭”都对译为hillside, riverside hamlets。“酒旗风”, with blue flags fluttering,译者在美国生活几十年,译成“blue flags”也许有他的理由。
The Southern Dynasties had four hundred eighty Buddhist temples;
How many towers and terraces are wrapped in misty drizzles?
这也是非常写实的翻译:有多少楼台被裹在蒙蒙细雨之中呢?
英译二是许渊冲教授的翻译,译文真正是以诗译诗,保持押韵,重在意译。
“千里莺啼绿映红”译为Orioles sing for miles mid red blooms and green trees,英译省去了“千里”,只说for miles,这是翻译的浅化法。“绿映红”则译为mid red blooms and green trees(在红花绿树之间),很贴切。“水村山郭酒旗风”译为On lakeside and hillside wine shop flags wave in the breeze。这是倒装句,原句是:Wineshop flags wave in breeze on lakeside and hillside。“南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中。”译为Four hundred eighty splendid temples still remain, Of Southern Dynasties in the mist and the rain。此句也采用直译方法。
这里remain和of并不是一个词组被许教授断裂开来的,这里的of是跟在temples后的,与Southern Dynasties连用构成所属关系。原句是:Four hundred eighty splendid temples of Southern Dynasties still remain in the mist and the rain。
这里,许教授翻译古诗词时使用“断句生韵”的大手笔。他通过断句,巧妙地通过remain和rain构成韵脚来押韵,真是妙极!
思考
“四百八十寺”采用实译或虚译,哪种更能表达原诗的意义?