25 这里的around是介词,表示时间等
问:有这样一个句子:(1)To avoid rush hour on the highway in the morning, I left home early everyday at 6:30 a. m. and arrived in offices around 7:30, the night shift worker, who was supposed to be in the office, were often found still soundly asleep on the sofa in our private dining room.从语法的角度来说,我有几个疑问,我不明白同样是表示时间,为什么6点半用介词at,而7点半没用介词?同一个主语,为什么前面的从句用was supposed,而后面的谓语动词却用were found?the night shift worker之前不需要加连接词吗?请解释。
答:句(1)中的介词at表示事情发生“在……时刻”(used to show the time something happens, especially an exact or a particular time),表示某一确切或特定的时间。例如:
(2)My last train leaves Euston at 11:30.(我乘坐的末班火车在11:30驶离欧士敦。)
(3)There is an annual sales conference at 2:30 this afternoon.(今天下午2:30有个年度销售会议。)
句(1)中后面的around也是介词,意为“大约在……,在……左右;大约,大概”(a little before or after a time, at about; a little more or less than, about),是非正式用法,且多用于美国口语,可后接某一时刻、某一特定时间或人与事物。例如:
(4)Michael arrived around(=at about)nine o’clock.
(5)I’ll meet you at the restaurant around noon.(我在中午时分左右在那家餐馆和你见面。)
(6)There were around 200 people at the union meeting.(出席工会会议的大约有200人。)
不过的确有专家和中外辞书把around作为副词用的,意为“大约,大概,左右”(about,approximately),而且也可接表示时间的词语。例如:around six o’clock,around two months ago等。例如:
(7)I’ll pick you up around seven-thirty, then.
可见,把句(1)中的around作介词或副词使用都是可以的。那么句(1)中同一个主语the night shift worker其后的非限制性定语从句谓语动词用was是对的,它须和所修饰的先行词(antecedent)the night shift worker保持数的一致。例如:
(8)My mother, who is a software engineer, is very strict with me.
(9)The high dam, which is one of the biggest dams in the world, is 6,830 metres long.(这座世界上最大的水坝之一有6 830米长。)
当然,句(1)中的主语the night shift worker与其谓语动词也应该保持数的一致,其谓语应该是was often found,把were改为was,这可能是一笔误。除例句(7)和(8)外,又如:
(10)Martin Luther King, Jr., who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, was an important political leader in the USA.(曾经获得1964年诺贝尔和平奖的小马丁·路德·金,是美国一位重要的政治领袖。)
最后,the night shift worker.,who was supposed…,was often found…的前面需不需要连词呢?应该说用but连接较好。but是常用并列连词,多用于对比,只能连接两个成分(可以是各种句子成分,也可以是两个句子),意为“然而,但是”(however, used to introduce something new that you say, especially something which is different or the opposite from what you have just said),常用于引出新的信息,尤其是与前面刚刚所讲述的不同或相反意思的信息。例如:
(11)She is American but she lives in England.
(12)You can invite Keith to the party, but please don’t ask that friend of his.
(13)For centuries there were no Olympics Games. But they were not forgotten.(奥林匹克运动会曾经连续几百年没有举办过,但是它并没有被人们遗忘。)
你所提问的句(1)可按上述例句(10)、(11)和(12)的方式加连词but。句(1)中…I left home early everyday at 6:30 a. m.的everyday是形容词,意为“每天的,日常的”(done or happening each day),只能放在名词前做定语,而不能用作副词来表示事情发生的频率。例如:
(14)She takes care of everyday decisions for her boss.(她替老板负责日常事务的决定。)
(15)School is an everyday event for most children.表示频率作副词须用every day,例如:
(16)I study English for three hours every day.