总论

西部大开发进程中的生态文明建设

摘 要

首先回顾并总结了西部地区生态文明建设的历史过程，认为西部地区的生态文明建设经历了从“只要金山银山，不要绿水青山”的大开挖时期，到“既要金山银山，又要绿水青山”的大开发时期，再到“有了绿水青山，就有金山银山”的大保护时期的历史转变。在西部地区生态文明建设过程中，生态优先战略、规划先行战略、协调发展战略、项目带动战略和典型示范战略等五大战略发挥了重要作用，使西部地区的生态功能有所恢复，污染减排成效显著，资源效率明显提高，生态文明制度不断完善。新一轮的西部大开发，要把生态文明建设放到突出地位。在更为严格的资源总量控制和环境保护努力下，努力使西部地区的生态功能全面提高，生态屏障作用全面恢复，环境质量整体好转，资源使用效率显著提高，资源消耗总量趋于稳定，温室气体排放强度明显下降，二氧化碳排放总量趋于下降，生态文明水准全面提高，生态文明建设成果全国领先。为实现西部地区生态文明建设战略目标，需要从生态文明的管制制度、经济制度和引导制度三个方面，进一步加强生态文明的制度建设，以保障西部地区生态文明建设的顺利进行。

Abstract

This paper firstly reviews and summarizes the historical process of ecological civilization construction in the western region, and points out that the ecological civilization construction has gone through a historical shift from the stage of large-scale excavation distinguished by “the pursuit of material benefits without environment protection”, to the stage of large-scale development distinguished by “the pursuit of both material benefits and environment protection”, and to the stage of large-scale protection distinguished by “environmental protection brings material benefits ”. In the process of ecological civilization construction in western region, the five major strategies play a very important role, which are respectively ecology priority strategy, advance planning strategy, coordinated development strategy, project-driven strategy and model demonstration strategy. In the western region, the ecological functions have been restored to a certain extent; the effect of pollution reduction has been significantly achieved; the efficiency of resource has been significantly improved; and ecological civilization system has been continuously improved. The new round of west development, gives top priority to the construction of ecological civilization. With the help of even stricter resource total control and environmental efforts, the western region will become the place where ecological functions are comprehensively improved; the role of ecological barrier is fully restored; overall improvement in environmental quality is achieved; resource efficiency is significantly improved; the total amount of consumption of resources is stable; the intensity of greenhouse gas emission is significantly reduced; carbon dioxide emission tends to decline; the level of ecological civilization is comprehensively improved; the achievements of ecological civilization construction rank the top in the country. In order to achieve the goals of ecological civilization construction in western region, the system construction for ecological civilization should be further strengthened from three perspectives (the control system, economic system and guidance system), so as to ensure the smooth implementation of ecological civilization construction in western region.

西部大开发是一项惊天动地的宏伟大业。国家对西部地区的支持有力地促进了西部地区的快速发展。然而，必须清醒地看到，西部地区是国家重要的生态安全屏障，是我国大江大河的发源地，是森林、草原、湿地等生态资源的集中分布区和重要的生物多样性聚集区，是国家重要资源的战略接续地，同时，也是我国水土流失、土地石漠化和荒漠化最严重的地区。因此，加强西部地区生态文明建设，对保障国家生态安全和实现可持续发展具有重要意义。西部大开发战略实施以来，生态文明建设被放到了前所未有的高度。十余年来，西部地区生态建设和环境保护取得了一些成绩，环境恶化的趋势初步得到遏制，但要全面优化生态系统和改善环境质量，必须深入推进生态文明建设。